Neuropatias Diabéticas Periféricas como Complicações do Diabetes Mellitus: Estudo de Revisão

Abstract

Changes in human behavior and lifestyle over the past century have resulted in a dramatic increase in the incidence of diabetes worldwide. Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Objective: This study aimed to highlight the publications expressed in the worldwide scientific literature on this subject. Methods: This is an integrative literature review that followed the PICO strategy to identify the factors associated with diabetic neuropathy. The search for the articles was carried out in three electronic databases: Medline, BVS and Scielo. The descriptors "Diabetic Neuropathies", "Neuralgia", "Risk Factors", "Diabetes Mellitus" were used, with complete texts, published in the period from 2011 to 2021, in English, Portuguese and Spanish and the Boolean operator AND was used . Result: 118 articles were found. Fifty-one articles were selected to be read in full and five met the criteria of this review. Discussion: Sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathies (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and autonomic genitourinary) are common in diabetic patients. In addition to strict glycemic control, no other therapeutic approach exists to prevent this phenomenon. Conclusion: Intensive care for diabetes, reduction of intensive multifactorial cardiovascular risk and lifestyle intervention are recommended in patients with autonomic neuropathy.