Signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression in people living with HIV: Cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2022v12i76p10500-10511Keywords:
HIV, Anxiety, Depression, Mental DisordersAbstract
Objective: to estimate the occurrence of signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression in people with human immunodeficiency virus and its association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Method: cross-sectional study, conducted between May 2015 and June 2016. The sample consisted of 134 subjects. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to conduct the interviews. Results: the prevalence of signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression was 22.3% and 16.4%, respectively. Men had fewer symptoms of depression than women (p=0.04). Having children increased 3.2 times the chances of signs and symptoms of anxiety (p<0.05). History of other sexually transmitted infections increased by 2.4 times the chance of anxiety (p=0.03) and history of hospitalizations increased the chance of depression by 3.3 (p=0.04). Conclusion: Signs and symptoms of anxiety and depression were prevalent in people living with human immunodeficiency virus.
References
Abebe H, Shumet S, Nassir Z, Agidew M, Abebaw D. Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors among HIV-Positive Youth Attending ART Follow-Up in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. AIDS research and treatment. 2019; 2019: 4610458. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4610458
Brandt C, Zvolensky MJ, Woods SP, Gonzalez A, Safren SA, O'Cleirigh CM. Anxiety symptoms and disorders among adults living with HIV and AIDS: A critical review and integrative synthesis of the empirical literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017; 51: 164-84. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.11.005
Calvetti PÜ, Giovelli GRM, Gauer GJC, Moraes JFD. Psychosocial factors associated with adherence to treatment and quality of life in people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2014; 63 (1): 8-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0047-2085000000002
Nogueira GS, Seidl EMF. Association between illness perception and anxiety, depression and self-efficacy in people with HIV/AIDS. Temas Psicol. 2016; 24 (2): 595-608. http://doi.org/10.9788/TP2016.2-12
Pontes AM, Aquino TAA, Gouveia VV, Fonsêca PN, Luppel BLP. Noopsychosomatics in People Living with HIV/AIDS: Evidence of an Explanatory Model. Psico. 2015; 46 (1): 129-38. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2015.1.17332
Park KS, Hwang SY, Choi BY, 4, Kim J, Kim SI, Kim WJ, Kang C. Associations of depression and anxiety with cardiovascular risk among people living with HIV/AIDS in Korea Epidemiol Health. 2021;43:e2021002. https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021002
Camara A, Sow MS, Touré A, et al. Anxiety and depression among HIV patients of the infectious disease department of Conakry University Hospital in 2018. Epidemiol Infect. 2020;148:e8. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026881900222X
Casale M, Boyes M, Pantelic M, Toska E, Cluver L. Suicidal thoughts and behaviour among South African adolescents living with HIV: can social support buffer the impact of stigma? Journal of affective disorders. 2019; 245: 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.102
Tang X, Wang HY, Wang M, Ren XH, Jiang FR, Li JL. Structural equation modeling analysis of social support, coping strategies, depression and suicidal ideation among people living with HIV/AIDS in Changsha, China. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2018; 14: 2923-2930. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S177460
Armoon B, Fleury MJ, Bayat AH, Fakhri Y, Higgs P, Moghaddam LF, Gonabadi-Nezhad L. HIV related stigma associated with social support, alcohol use disorders, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation among people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2022; 16 (1): 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-022-00527-w.
Costa LF, Medeiros RJ Paungartner LM, Luft TD, Santos AP, Paiva TS, Fernandes MTC. Fatores psicossociais envolvidos na adesão ao tratamento do HIV/AIDS em adultos: revisão integrativa da literature. Saúde Colet. 2020; 11 (61): 4990-5005. https://doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2021v11i61p4990-5005
Botega NJ, Bio MR, Zomignani MA, Garcia Jr C, Pereira WAB. Mood disorders among medical in-patients: a validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD). Rev. Saúde Pública. 1995; 29 (5): 359-363. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89101995000500004
Tavares CCS, de Souza Neto VL, Gurgel ALPF, da Silva BCO, de Negreiros RV, da Silva RAR. Prevalência do diagnóstico de Enfermagem ansiedade em pessoas com a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida. Revista Cubana de Enfermería. 2017; 33 (3). Disponível em: http://www.revenfermeria.sld.cu/index.php/enf/article/view/1314
Patrício ACFA, Silva IBN, Ferreira MAM, Rodrigues BFL, Silva RF, Nascimento JA et al. Depressão, autoestima, expectativa futura e esperança de vida de pessoas com HIV. Rev. Bras. Enferm. [Internet]. 2019; 72 (5): 1288-1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0730
Qiu Y, Luo D, Cheng R, Xiao Y, Chen X, Huang Z, et al. Emotional problems and related factors in patients with HIV/AIDS. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2014; 39(8): 835-41. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-7347.2014.08.014
Thai TT, Jones MK, Harris LM, Heard RC, Hills NK, Lindan CP. Symptoms of Depression in People Living with HIV in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: Prevalence and Associated Factors. AIDS Behav. 2017; 22 (1): 76-84. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1946-8
Cunha GH, Galvão MTG. Efeito do suporte social na vida de adultos com HIV/AIDS Effect of social support in the lives of adults with HIV/AIDS. Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online. 2016; 8 (3): 4833-4840. http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2016.v8i3.4833-4840
Sherlock MSM, Cardoso MVLML, Lélis ALPA, Lopes MMCO, Pereira MLD. Reasons for non-compliance of mothers to immunization schedule of children exposed to HIV. Rev Rene. 2013; 14 (2): 341-53. Disponível em: http://www.revistarene.ufc.br/revista/index.php/revista/article/view/711
Huynh VN, To KG, Do DV, To QG, Nguyen MT. Changes in depressive symptoms and correlates in HIV+ people at An Hoa Clinic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. BMC Psychiatry. 2017; 17: 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-1170-5
Fonsah JY, Njamnshi AK, Kanmogne GD. Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Yaoundé-Cameroon: Association with Opportunistic Infections, Depression, ART Regimen and Side Effects. PLoS One. 2017; 12 (1): e0170893. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170893
Moore CL, Grulich AE, Amin J. Hospitalisation for Anxiety and Mood Disorders in HIV-infected and –Uninfected Gay and Bisexual Men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017; 73 (5): 589. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000001147
Freitas P, Fernandes A, Morgado P. Depression in HIV-positive patients: the reality of a Portuguese hospital. Sci Med. 2015; 25(2): ID20469. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2015.2.20469
Chen X, Liu S, Zeng C, Li X, Qiao S, Lv R, Shen Z. Propensity score matching evaluation of psychological stress and hair cortisol among people living with HIV in China. Sci Rep. 2021; 1; 11 (1): 11426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90922-z.
Pérez-Chaparro C, Kangas M, Zech P, Schuch FB, Rapp M, Heissel A. Recreational exercise is associated with lower prevalence of depression and anxiety and better quality of life in German people living with HIV. AIDS Care. 2021; 34 (2):182-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2021.1889951
Heissel A, Zech P, Rapp MA, Schuch FB, Lawrence JB, Kangas M, Heinzel S. Effects of exercise on depression and anxiety in persons living with HIV: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2019; 126: 109823. https://10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109823.