Zazen Meditation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Clinical Trial – Intervention Protocol

Authors

  • Sabrina Rodrigues da Silva Mestranda em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7562-8490
  • Rosane Maria Nery Doutora em Ciências da Saúde; Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3594-0751
  • Eduardo Lima Garcia Doutor em Ciências Médicas pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8126-7211
  • Simone de Souza Fantin Doutora em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5628-0759
  • Alessandra Cardoso Vargas Mestre em Envelhecimento Humano pela Universidade de Passo Fundo. ATITUS Educação de Passo Fundo/RS https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2768-8017
  • Vitor Augusto Fronza Doutorando em Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Hospital de Clínicas de Ijuí. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-8706
  • Cristiane da Rocha Vidor Mestre em Ciências Cirúrgicas pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8575-4376
  • Emilio Hideyuki Moriguch Doutorado (PhD) em Medicina pela Tokai University School of Medicine; Japão. Departamento de Medicina Interna da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFR- GS). Professor-colaborador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde; Cardiologia e Ciências Cardiovasculares da UFRGS. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2681-0936

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2025v16i101p17672-17685

Keywords:

Acute myocardial infarction, Heart rate variability, Meditation

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Zazen meditation on heart rate variability in patients with recent acute myocardial infarction, both acutely and chronically. Method: Randomized, controlled, parallel clinical trial with blinded outcome assessment. Heart rate variability, quality of life, spirituality, biochemical parameters, left ventricular ejection fraction, and functional capacity will be evaluated before and after twenty-four meditation sessions. Acute effects will be assessed before and after a single session. The sample will consist of forty-four participants, twenty-two in each group. Result: Zazen meditation is expected to improve autonomic modulation and the psychophysiological parameters evaluated. Conclusion: Zazen meditation may represent a promising complementary practice in the cardiac rehabilitation of patients after acute myocardial infarction.

References

Sabzmakan L, Morowatisharifabad MA, Mohammadi E, Mazloomy-Mahmoodabad SS, Rabiei K, Naseri MH, Shakibazadeh E, Mirzaei M. Behavioral determinants of cardiovascular diseases risk factors: A qualitative directed content analysis. ARYA Atheroscler. 2014;10(2):71-81.

Puymirat É. Epidemiology of coronary artery disease. Rev Prat. 2015;65(3):317-20.

Aubert AE, Seps B, Beckers F. Heart rate variability in athletes. Sports Med. 2003;33(12):889-919. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333120-00003

Paschoal MA, Petrelluzzi KFS, Gonçalves NVO. Controle autonômico cardíaco durante a execução de atividade física dinâmica de baixa intensidade Rev Soc Cardiol. 2003;13(5 supl A):1-11.

Paschoal MA, Petrelluzzi KFS, Gonçalves NVO. Controle autonômico cardíaco durante a execução de atividade física dinâmica de baixa intensidade Rev Soc Cardiol. 2003;13(5 supl A):1-11.

MCCRATY, Rollin; SHAFFER, Fred. Heart rate variability: new perspectives on physiological mechanisms, assessment of self-regulatory capacity, and health risk. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, v. 4, n. 1, p. 46-61, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7453/gahmj.2014.073

NESVOLD, Anders et al. Increased heart rate variability during nondirective meditation. European journal of preventive cardiology, v. 19, n. 4, p. 773-780, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1741826711414625

CHANG, Mei-Ying. Qigong effects on heart rate variability and peripheral vasomotor responses. Western journal of nursing research, v. 37, n. 11, p. 1383-1403, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945914535669

STEINHUBL, Steven R. et al. Cardiovascular and nervous system changes during meditation. Frontiers in human neuroscience, v. 9, p. 145, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00145

PHONGSUPHAP, Sukanya et al. Changes in heart rate variability during concentration meditation. International journal of cardiology, v. 130, n. 3, p. 481-484, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.06.103

Wallace, B. Alan, Ciência contemplativa: onde o budismo e a neurosciência se encontram; tradução Carmen Fischer. São Paulo: Cultrix, 2009.

Rimpoche. Dudjon, texto raíz Iluminação da Sabedoria Primordial. Tradução para língua Portuguesa por Padma Samtem, Caminhos do Meio, Rio Grande do Sul, 2017.

Kazuhiro Taniguchi, Atsushi Nishikawa, "Earable ZEN: Desenvolvimento de um sistema vestível de suporte Zazen do tipo fone de ouvido", Journal of Healthcare Engineering , vol. 2018, artigo ID 1838563, 10 páginas, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1838563 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1838563

Faber PL, Lehmann D, Gianotti LR, Milz P, Pascual-Marqui RD, Held M, Kochi K. Zazen meditation and no-task resting EEG compared with LORETA intracortical source localization. Cogn Process. 2015 Feb;16(1):87-96. doi: 10.1007/s10339-014-0637-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-014-0637-x

Young JH, Arterberry ME, Martin JP. Contrasting Electroencephalography-Derived Entropy and Neural Oscillations With Highly Skilled Meditators. Front Hum Neurosci. 2021 Apr 30;15:628417. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.628417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.628417

Prasad K, Sharma V, Lackore K, Jenkins SM, Prasad A, Sood A. Use of complementary therapies in cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 2013;111:339–345. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.10.010

Yeh GY, Davis RB, Phillips RS. Use of complementary therapies in patients with cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 2006;98:673–680 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.03.051

LEVINE, Glenn N. et al. Meditation and cardiovascular risk reduction: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Journal of the American Heart Association, v. 6, n. 10, p. e002218, 2017.

VILLAREAL, Rollo P.; LIU, Brant C.; MASSUMI, Ali. Heart rate variability and cardiovascular mortality. Current atherosclerosis reports, v. 4, n. 2, p. 120-127, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-002-0035-1

Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD, et al. Infarction JEAAWTFfUDoM, Chairpersons ATFM, Subcommittee B, Subcommittee E, Subcommittee I, Subcommittee C, Subcommittee I, Subcommittee TR, (CPG) ECfPG, Reviewers D. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1581-98. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.001

Yang J, Ben-Menachem E. Accuracy and clinical utility of heart rate variability derived from a wearable heart rate monitor in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. J Clin Monit Comput. 2023 Oct 13. doi: 10.1007/s10877-023-01080-8. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37831376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10877-023-01080-8

Himariotis AT, Coffey KF, Noel SE, Cornell DJ. Validity of a Smartphone Application in Calculating Measures of Heart Rate Variability. Sensors (Basel). 2022 Dec 15;22(24):9883. doi: 10.3390/s22249883. PMID: 36560256; PMCID: PMC9787958. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22249883

Kubios HRV - Software de análise de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca Tarvainen MP , Niskanen J.PLipponen JA , Ranta-aho PO , Karjalainen PA (2014) Métodos e Programas de Computador em Biomedicina , 113 (1), pp.

MacLeod CM. Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: an integrative review. Psychol Bull. 1991 Mar;109(2):163-203. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.163. PMID: 2034749. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.109.2.163

Renaud P, Blondin JP. The stress of Stroop performance: physiological and emotional responses to color-word interference, task pacing, and pacing speed. Int J Psychophysiol. 1997 Sep;27(2):87-97. doi: 10.1016/s0167-8760(97)00049-4. PMID: 9342640. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8760(97)00049-4

Ciconelli, R M. Tradução para o português e validação do questionário genérico de avaliação de qualidade de vida “Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)”. 1997. 148 p. Tese (Doutorado em Medicina) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 1997.

ROCHA, Neusa Sica da, FLECK, Marcelo Pio de Almeida. Avaliação de qualidade de vida e importância dada à espiritualidade/religiosidade/crenças pessoais (SRPB) em adultos com e sem problemas crônicos de saúde. Revista de psiquiatria clínica. São Paulo. Vol. 38, n. 1 (2011), p. 19-23, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832011000100005

Pires IM, Denysyuk HV, Villasana MV, Sá J, Marques DL, Morgado JF, Albuquerque C, Zdravevski E. Development Technologies for the Monitoring of Six-Minute Walk Test: A Systematic Review. Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jan 12;22(2):581. doi: 10.3390/s22020581. PMID: 35062542; PMCID: PMC8782011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22020581

PA Harris, R Taylor, BL Minor, V Elliott, M ​​Fernandez, L O'Neal, L McLeod, G Delacqua, F Delacqua, J Kirby, SN Duda, Consórcio REDCap, Consórcio REDCap: Construindo uma comunidade internacional de parceiros de software , J Biomed Inform. 9 de maio de 2019 [doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208

Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Eur Heart J. 1996 Mar;17(3):354-81. PMID: 8737210.

CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ. 2010;340:c332. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c332. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c332

Published

2025-10-27

How to Cite

Silva, S. R. da, Nery, R. M., Garcia, E. L., Fantin, S. de S., Vargas, A. C., Fronza, V. A., Vidor, C. da R., & Moriguch, E. H. (2025). Zazen Meditation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Clinical Trial – Intervention Protocol. Sa´úde Coletiva (Barueri), 16(101), 17672–17685. https://doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2025v16i101p17672-17685

Issue

Section

Original Article