Depressão e Incapacidade Funcional em Idosos Brasileiros: Análise da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2019

Letycia Manta Tomé; Dayanne Mykaelly Sousa Marques; Nathalia Faquinelli de Oliveira; Natércia de Ávila Pessoa Silva; Kaio Henrique Correa Massa

doi:10.36489/saudecoletiva.2026v18i112p20784-20805

Autores/as

Letycia Manta Tomé Universidade Anhembi Morumbi
Dayanne Mykaelly Sousa Marques Universidade Anhembi Morumbi https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3831-2896
Nathalia Faquinelli de Oliveira Universidade Anhembi Morumbi,estudante https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4491-8721
Natércia de Ávila Pessoa Silva Universidade Anhembi Morumbi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0476-9709
Kaio Henrique Correa Massa Universidade Anhembi Morumbi,professor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-2659

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36489/saudecoletiva.2026v18i112p20784-20805

Palabras clave:

Depresión, Incapacidad Funcional, adultos mayores, Encuestas de salud

Resumen

OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre depresión e incapacidad funcional en adultos mayores brasileños. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2019. Se incluyeron 22.357 individuos con ≥60 años. Variable dependiente: diagnóstico autorreferido de depresión. Independientes: sociodemográficas, comportamientos, autoevaluación de salud e incapacidad funcional (ABVD/AIVD). Se usó regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta estratificada por sexo. RESULTADOS: Prevalencia de depresión mayor en mujeres (15,8%) que en hombres (6,6%). Tras ajuste, la autoevaluación negativa se asoció a depresión en ambos sexos, mayor en hombres (RP=3,11; IC95%:2,29-4,21) que en mujeres (RP=1,68; IC95%:1,41-1,99). Limitación en AIVD asociada en ambos, más pronunciada en hombres (RP=2,32; IC95%:1,69-3,19) que en mujeres (RP=1,35; IC95%:1,15-1,59). Limitación en ABVD mantuvo asociación solo en hombres (RP=1,67; IC95%:1,19-2,34). CONCLUSIÓN: La depresión en adultos mayores se asocia a incapacidad funcional y peor percepción de salud, con diferencias por sexo. Se refuerza la necesidad de cuidado en salud mental que considere funcionalidad y género en el envejecimiento.

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